Lao Tzu’s
Tao-te Ching is an extremely idealistic piece that espouses the overall idea
that humans are inherently good beings. In today’s wording, “Go with the flow”
is the central part of Lao Tzu’s philosophy, where Tao is “the flow.” He
recommends to “Act for the people’s benefit. Trust them; leave them alone”
(33). Basically, the government should leave people to their own devices for
humans are naturally inclined to follow the Tao, which will enable a neutral
state to prevail. The idea of a non-intrusive government is seen in American
history, specifically in the times of the American Revolution. Before the
1770s, the thirteen original colonies experienced a period of salutary neglect,
whereby the British government was lenient about enforcing trade relations laws
and essentially left the colonists to govern themselves. Thus, the colonies
essentially became sovereign. Prime Minister Robert Wapole had stated, “If no
restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish”, which is
basically Lao Tzu’s idea of non-intervention.
However, the
period of the ‘salutary neglect’ policy ended in the 1770s, when Britain began
to enforce the Navigation Acts and established the Stamp and Sugar Acts,
causing tension in the colonies to rise since the colonists were accustomed to
the idea of self-control. The period of isolation from their mother country
caused the colonies to subconsciously develop a collective identity that they
were separate from England, which was another factor that enabled the
revolution to transpire. This example in American history clearly shows that
Lao Tzu’s approach to governance is important to follow since “Governing a
large country is like frying a small fish; you spoil it with too much poking”
(30).
Machiavelli
looks at governance completely differently, as he believes that humans must be
under a sovereign leader’s control in order to have security in the country.
This makes sense because many people need some kind of motivation – like a boss
looking over their shoulder, a deadline, or something of the sort – in order to
perform work up to par. In a work setting, for example, control is needed in
order to keep up with deadlines and to keep moving the company forward. If no
authority figures exist in such a setting, then basic standards would be upheld less
because of the famous excuse “Sorry for the mistake; I’m only human.”
It is interesting to note the balance of how a leader should rule in Machiavelli's eyes: the authority should be feared but not hated. Usually when a person is scared of something, he hates it also; for example, when someone has an irrational fear of spiders, he also despises them. I think that Machiavelli is talking more about respect rather than raw fear. When a leader gains respect, then the people under his control are less likely to rebel since they have faith in him.
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